Prior to the Enlightenment, the artistic style of Rococo dominated the art scene. However, during the Enlightenment it was constantly criticized for its excess embellishments. This led rise to Neoclassism where there was more of an emphasis on simplicity. This piece depicts the Greek philosopher Socrates’ last moments before his death. Socrates was found guilty being accused of corrupting the youth with his teachings, and as given the option of either renouncing his beliefs or drinking poison. In this scene we see him reach out for the cup of hemlock, while gesturing towards the heavens, implying his disagreement with the notion of a soul’s immortality. This piece is a great neoclassical statement as it portrays the themes of civic duty that neoclassic emphasized. During this time, the French Government replaced the religion of Christianity with “anti-clerical Secularism.” Because of this, people looked towards philosophers and those who displayed civic virtues for morals and values. Unlike previous periods in which morals and values were depicted through religious art and scripture, neoclassic art depicts the same concepts through the glorification of those who have showed such ideals. Instead of depicting a Christian martyr, we see the same message of martyrdom through the death of Socrates.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:David_-_The_Death_of_Socrates.jpg https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/436105 https://www.identifythisart.com/art-movements-styles/pre-modern-art/neoclassical-art-movement/
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